Thackeray wrote Catherine: A Story under the pseudonym Ikey Solomons, Jr., explicitly to counter the romanticized highwaymen and burglars in contemporary novels. The book’s Advertisement states its aim: to exhibit the “danger and folly” of investing criminals with heroic qualities. The narrative opens with a breathless catalog of seventeenth-century upheavals—king-killing, republicanising, restoring—before settling on Catherine Hayes, a real woman burned at Tyburn in 1726 for murdering her husband. Thackeray’s narrator intrudes constantly, mocking sentimental attachments and the reader’s own expectations, as when he describes a “sentimental attachment” in Chapter II with evident irony.

The Narrator’s Sardonic Grip

The most persistent feature of Catherine is its narrator’s tone—knowing, cynical, and fond of parenthetical digs. He addresses the reader as “the rogue” and boasts of his worldly experience: “such, at least, has my experience in the matter.” He undercuts every romantic gesture. When Count Galgenstein marries the wealthy, elderly Madam Silverkoop, the narrator notes that “any woman will do to any man” after enough pressing. The voice is deliberately coarse, using lists of coins (“bob, tizzy, tester, moidore”) to ground the story in grubby transactions. This narrator does not pretend to be impartial; he editorializes on domestic tyranny, debt, and the “whitewashing” of bankrupts. The effect is to keep the reader alert to the gap between the sordid events and any heroic gloss.

Money as the Real Currency

Nearly every relationship in the excerpts is mediated by cash or property. Count Galgenstein pursues Madam Silverkoop not for love but for her twenty thousand pounds; the narrator makes this explicit by contrasting the Count’s “twenty quarterings” with her wealth. Catherine herself is introduced through her economic circumstances. The novel’s world is one of debts, imprisonments for nonpayment, and careful calculations of advantage. Even the Count’s marriage, though “prosperous in a worldly point of view,” is “extremely unhappy”—a condition the narrator treats as inevitable when money is the bond. Thackeray’s satire extends to the reader’s own likely sympathy: he implies that we, too, would be swayed by a character’s purse.

Patterns of Domination and Submission

The excerpts reveal a recurring dynamic: a character who bullies in one context becomes abject in another. Count Galgenstein, who “had been as great a tiger and domestic bully” toward Mrs. Cat, is soon ordered about by his enormous Countess “as a lady orders her footman.” The narrator attributes this reversal to “the first blow” struck early in the marriage. This pattern echoes the novel’s larger argument about power—that it is not inherent but situational, and that criminal or violent characters are not romantic rebels but petty tyrants who themselves are easily cowed. The structure of the story, moving from Catherine’s early life to her execution, reinforces this deflationary arc.

Readers should approach Catherine as a deliberate antidote to sentimental crime fiction. Thackeray’s narrator is an untrustworthy guide who nevertheless exposes the mechanics of his own storytelling. Pay attention to the asides—they often carry the novel’s moral weight. The historical Catherine Hayes was executed in 1726; the novel uses her story not for suspense but for a sustained, ironic commentary on the gap between romantic fiction and sordid reality.